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<font size="4" color="#ff0000">这里感谢大镜阁侯建华老师翻译的<span style="font-family: 华文仿宋; letter-spacing: 0.544px;">Sandy King的文章</span></font><div><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br></span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Sandy King博士是美国著名摄影师、教授。长期致力摄影研究与教学活动。</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2006年从Clemson University退休。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "ingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">二十多年来,他投入了大量的时间用于研究碳转印工艺。其作品得到广泛展出,并在《摄影》、《银像》、《摄影》等杂志上发表。并在网络发表了关于替代性工艺的文章,包括关于碳转移、铁银和范戴克。同时还出版了一本关于碳印刷的专著《Contemporary Procedures for Pigment Printmaking》。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"> <span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">其间,他对染色型显影也颇有研究,并开发了Pyrocat-HDivaqc型显影剂。本文就是笔者根据难能可桑迪肯博士的文章翻译而来。由于笔者水平所限,不尽完美,在此推出以供大家参考。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "ingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"> </font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">YRO<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">染色型显影剂介绍</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"> </font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">yrocat-HD</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是几个Pyro染色显影剂之一,包括ABC Pyro、Rollo Pyro、PMK和WD2D+。Pyro显影剂的使用似乎是一个驱使摄影师进入相反阵营的主题。一方面,用户发现这些显影配方具有各种各样的非凡、甚至神奇的品质,他们吹嘘这些优势,如比传统显影液更强的边缘效果、增加高亮细节的分离、更好的暗部层次、更高的图像分辨率和更精细的细节。其他人坚持认为传统的显影能够得到类似的结果。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">在本文中,我将回顾Pyro显影的应用历史,比较目前常用的几个Pyro显影剂,并提供关于混合和使用Pyrocat-HD配方的详细说明,在我看来,这是所有染色显影中最干净、最一致的。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">YRO<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">染色型显影剂的历史</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"> </font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">所有现代染色显影剂都以焦酚或焦儿茶酚(邻苯二酚)为主要还原剂。焦酚作为银盐胶片显影剂的使用时间比其他任何有机显影剂都长。1851年由Regnault引进,同年由Frederick Scott Archer首次用于摄影,以显影他的新发明——火棉胶湿版摄影术。它远在19世纪成为最受欢迎的显影剂,并且是美国西部所有主要的湿版摄影师使用的显影剂,包括William Henry Jackson、T. H. O’Sullivan和Carlton E. Watkins,他们都是感光版尺寸从11x14到18x22英寸。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">邻苯二酚,也叫焦儿茶酚,有时也叫儿茶酚,于1880年引入,但在美国没有像焦酚那样广泛使用,尽管它被认为更稳定可靠。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">大约1910年后,焦酚不再流行,并被其他发展中的物质所取代。焦酚被广泛认为是一种显影剂,它能“比其他显影剂更干净、更明确地分离色调”,同时被认为是所有显影剂中最灵活的一种,能够在浓溶液中产生强烈的反差,在稀溶液中产生柔软、微妙的结果。然而,<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">焦酚具有许多负面特征,导致其流行度下降。它只在酸性溶液中稳定,当与具有高亚硫酸盐或高碳酸盐的配方混合时,会迅速劣化。在所有的配方中,工作溶液容易氧化,其使用寿命短,这是由于空气氧化而导致的高染色性的特征。更重要的是,受搅拌方式和强度、显影剂中保护剂的量以及显影剂用量与给胶片表面积成比例的影响,染色图像的强度可能难以控制。最后,当Pyro是配方中唯一的显影物质时,存在相当大的胶片感光度的损失。</span>在胶片显影的科学性远不如今天的那个时代,要控制所有这些因素,并取得一致的结果,即使不是不可能,也是困难的。非染色配方的使用解决了不一致染色带来的一些问题,但失去了染色体,失去了Pyro显影独特的印相特征。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">染色显影剂在当代的应用</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"> </font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">几十年来,Pyro的使用主要是以<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">ABC Pyro</span>经典配方进行的。ABC配方被许多西海岸摄影师使用,包括Edward Weston和Morley Baer,今天仍然由Michael Smith推广用于与AZO的接触印相。据说这是所有Pyro配方中最困难和最易变的,但是能够得到极好的结果,“在影调和微妙的高光层次方面,甚至比大多数其它Pyro配方都好。”</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">John Wimberley</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">的<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">WD2D</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">配方是</span>第一个为现代胶片配制的Pyro显影剂,于1977年在Peterson's Photographic中引入。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Wimberley</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">的配方,将Metol与焦酚结合使用,不会造成胶片速度的损失,而且与ABC Pyro等较老的配方相比,胶片颗粒明显减少。</span>今天,它仍然被许多摄影师使用,并且可以通过“摄影师配方” 修订版本中获得WD2D+的配方。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">目前对Pyro显影剂的使用很感兴趣主要是由Gordon Hutchings开发的<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">MK</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">配方</span>,它在1991年9月/10月在View Camera的一篇文章中首次向公众介绍,并在1991年底首次出版的《Pyro》一书中得到推广。Hutchings将PMK描述为在各种条件下适用现代胶片感光乳剂的通用显影剂,使用方便,并且设计用于实现最大密度图像染色和最小密度的总体染色。在PMK显影过程中,负片中<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">银被还原的区域产生黄绿色的图像染色,并且这种染色与银的量成比例:在银密度低的阴影区域最低,在银密度高的亮部区域最大。由于曝光将染色视为增加的印相密度,因此底片的总密度等于银和染色的组合密度。结果是,这种染色通过在银颗粒之间填充来掩盖胶片颗粒,从而在最终印相中既提高了锐度,又改善了影调。</span>这种效果可以在所有尺寸的底片上看到,但在35mm和其他规格的胶卷中效果尤其明显。Steve Simmons将这种效果描述如下:“换句话说,没有像雾一样的总体染色,而是像额外密度一样的染色,并且随着灰阶的增加,这种染色会增加。因此,胶片的高光的银密度比常规显影剂更薄,产生高光色调所需的额外密度由染色产生。这些底片上的“更薄”的高光密度可以在照片上产生非常清晰的精细的高光,而不像非Pyro胶片显影剂所能产生的任何色调。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">近年来,又引入了三个染色型显影剂配方:Rollo Pyro/ABC+、Diaxactol和Pyrocat-HD。Rollo Pyro于1997年由Harald Leban作为ABC+推出,但是今天由Photographer’s Formulary以Rollo Pyro命名推出。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Rollo Pyro</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是一个精力非常充沛的显影剂,它将显影时间减少到PMK所需的显影时间的大约一半。它在旋转加工中工作良好,产生低的总体染色,同时产生类似于PMK的胶片速度。</span></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Diaxactol</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是Barry Thornton开发的基于焦儿茶酚的显影剂,由Photographer's Formulary作为专有配方销售。它主要用作两组液体组成。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">yrocat-HD</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是作者本人开发的,在1999年《Post-Factory Photography》发表的一篇文章中介绍了它。自2000年以来,在线杂志《Unblinking Eye》中已经提供了一个修订的配方,还可以从美国的Photographer's Formulary和欧洲的Lotus Camera获得显影剂套药。Pyrocat-HD,类似于Diaxactol,是基于焦儿茶酚,但也包含少量的菲尼酮,这是强烈的超级添加剂。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"> </font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">染色型显影剂的优点:一些假设和事实</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"> </font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">染色显影剂的支持者提出的主张基于实证研究和理论结论。其中最重要的是:</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">由于图像染色的程度与银的密度成正比,因此该染色掩盖了银颗粒,从而改善图像色调并减少颗粒效果,在高光部分尤其明显。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">由于Pyro比其他显影剂具有更明显的边缘效应,因此提升了高光的层次、清晰度和锐度。这是因为在显影过程中卤化银的迁移非常少,导致更精确的还原,从而提高了锐度,并且因为在显影过程中Pyro使明胶变硬,从而降低了辐射(在胶片乳液中散射光)和传染性显影(扩散)的影响。银的发展超越了精确的图像边界。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">当使用可变反差相纸进行印放时,总是与银密度成正比的Pyro染色用作连续的可变色罩,从而降代反差,特别是在高光部分。这允许在不压缩或阻塞高光的情况下印出暗部和中间色调,减少加光和阻挡所花费的时间。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4.</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">yro</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">染色显影剂对于想要制作两用底片的摄影师来说是理想的,也就是说,底片既能用于银盐相纸印放,又能用铂或钯等其他替代转印工艺。这对于传统的显影剂是不可能的,因为Pt/Pd需要比银盐相纸密度范围大得多的底片。然而,染色底片实质上具有两个印刷密度范围,一个用于印放银盐相纸所用的蓝光/绿光,另一个用于与替代工艺一起使用的紫外光。当用可变反差的银盐相纸印放时,在高光处最大的染色会压缩影调,并起到连续可变的滤镜的作用,从而可能产生大范围的对比度。另一方面,在替代工艺中,该染色剂充当紫外光的高效光化滤光片,增加曝光时间多达1个曝光单位,并通过在曲线顶部增加约0.30密度或更高密度来提高对比度。结果是,在紫外光下,染色底片将比银具有更高的有效密度范围。这个事实早已为人所知,正如我们在Edward Weston的《日记》中所看到的,他住在墨西哥,在那里他写道,他希望能够用铂金或银盐来印刷他的Pyro底片。Bob Herbst最近在View Camera上的一篇文章为更精确地理解这种现象提供了良好的感光基础。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">YRO<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">显影剂的负面影响</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"> </font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">染色显影剂未被摄影界普遍接受,原因有以下几点:1)焦酚是一种毒性很强的化学物质,2)用染色底片进行感光测定比用常规处理的底片更复杂,3)许多摄影师简单地拒绝了Pyro处理的底片与其他处理方法的底片的不同。现在我们将详细研究每一个针对焦酚和焦儿茶酚染色显影的异议。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">毒性</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"> </font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">焦酚和焦儿茶酚都是毒性很强的化学物质。然而,摄影师面临的<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">主要危险是皮肤吸收和吸入干粉</span>,这两者很容易避免。在冲洗显影盘中的胶片页片时,总是使用橡胶手套,或者到户外去,或者使用通风罩将邻苯三酚或邻苯二酚混合到溶液中。通过遵循这些简单的程序,并运用常识,与使用这些化学品来显影相关的潜在健康风险实际上被消除了。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">显色剂与感光度</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"> </font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">由银密度加染色剂组成的染色底片的透射密度比常规显影的底片解释起来更复杂。从视觉上看,Pyro底片可能看起来有些扁平,但是观看是有欺骗性的,因为Pyro染色使底片的有效印刷密度范围增加了0.30到0.50。不幸的是,这种染色不能用只测量白光的密度计来读取。为了精确测量染色密度,如果用银盐相纸印相,则需要设置到蓝色通道的彩色密度计,如果用任何替代工艺印相,则需要用能够读取UV密度的密度计。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 102, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">一些黑白密度计在装有适当的蓝紫吸收滤光片如肖特BG-28或47或47B时,</span>可以读取用于银盐印相的染色密度。在使用带有染色底片的密度计用于银明胶纸印刷时,必须记住,通过蓝色通道的读取只是与底片的有效印相密度的近似值。这是因为,虽然银盐明胶相纸主要对蓝光敏感,但是对紫外光、紫光和绿光也具有相当大的灵敏度,这是密度计不能测量的,而密度计只能读出很窄的蓝光带。除了高反差的蓝色感光乳胶层外,可变反差的纸张还具有低反差的绿色感光层,因此问题更加尖锐。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br clear="ALL" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">使用替代工艺情况要好得多,这些工艺在紫外光范围内具有大多数灵敏度。在实践中发现,在UV模式下的密度计读数将提供一个非常准确的指示器来指示染色底片的实际印刷密度,而不管染色的特定颜色。</span></font></p></div><div><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="font-size: medium; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">
</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">Figure 1. A JandC 200 negative developed in Pyrocat 2:2:100</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"> </font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">图1显示了关于Pyro染色阴性的一些重要内容。这三个曲线都来自同一张底片。首先,注意三条曲线之间的对比。黑色曲线基于视觉(白光)通道中的密度计读数,因此只代表银的密度。红色曲线是根据蓝色通道读取银加染色的密度,就象银盐相纸所接受的那样。绿色曲线是基于紫外读数,总密度是银加染色,正如UV工艺所见。注意染色如何与银的密度成正比,在阴影区域最少,在高光部分最大。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">YRO<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">底片真的与其他的底片不同吗?</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"> </font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">许多摄影师认为Pyro显影剂的拥护者所引用的优点(边缘效果、内部锐度、增强的高光分离)是主观的和未经证实的,并且认为如果染色底片的曲线看起来与传统显影的底片非常相似,那么印相结果就不会不同。在这个问题上,专家们完全不同意。Phil Davis,许多关于摄影技术方面的书籍和文章的作者,在View Camera的采访中Steve Simmons时问道,“如果可能的话,你能否说,用非PMK显影剂和PMK显影剂显影相同的胶卷,创造出对眼睛来说是一样的照片吗?Davis回答说:“为了尽可能客观地回答你的问题,我会说,如果在同一胶卷上产生出PMK和其他显影剂相同的胶卷曲线,如果两张照片在两个或更多的密度级别上匹配,以及如果测试是在完全“盲目的”条件下由一组无偏见的观众进行的,我怀疑照片会被判断为无法区分。“在回答同样的问题时,开发并推广PMK配方的Gordon Hutchings不同意Davis的看法,他说:“两张非Pyro和Pyro底片在照片中看起来伽玛值会相同吗?绝对不是。如果显影剂之间没有差别,我们只需要一个就够了。”</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">由Pyro底片制成的照片是否与其他底片制成的照片不同?我相信大多数Pyro用户都会对这个问题作出肯定的回答。显然,由于某些原因,无论是边缘效应,影调分离,提高内部清晰度,或者简单地说“Pyro的奥秘”,许多摄影师的经验和观察表明,Pyro底片的印相质量有些独特和有趣。在我自己的工作中,我发现Pyro显影是一个非常有用的工具。然而,我警告说,使用Pyro显影与草率的技术不兼容,而且那些天生就粗心大意地呆在暗房里,对精致的技术不重视的摄影师不应该考虑使用Pyro。然而,那些细心而熟练地接近使用Pyro并且能够精炼他们的技术以标准化操作程序的人,可以期望获得连贯和可重复的结果,这提供了极大地扩展他们工作的表达质量的可能性。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">PYROCAT-HD</font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1998</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">年初春,我开始对寻找一种染色显影剂感兴趣,这种显影剂可以在各种环境中很好地工作:如Jobo、印相鼓或BTZS管中进行旋转加工;在间歇搅拌的洗相盘中;以及在具有最小搅拌或静止搅拌的显影罐中。我用<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">邻苯三酚配方进行的实验非常不成功,因为旋转加工经常导致高灰雾和不均匀的染色,</span>而减少搅拌则导致条纹和斑点。然后,我转向焦儿茶酚做实验。正如Anchell和Troop在《Film Developing Cookbook》中观察到的,作为染色的焦酚和焦儿茶酚,还是焦儿茶酚“一般认为更稳定可靠”。此外,焦儿茶酚对空气氧化的敏感性比焦酚低得多。不幸的是,以前使用焦儿茶酚的配方中没有一个像某些基于焦酚配方那样成功。许多人使用氢氧化钠作为促进剂,正如Troop提到的,“对于现代胶卷来说,太碱性,容易产生不必要的雾。”过多的碱性也会导致更明显的颗粒,对于35mm和其他胶卷,这种颗粒尤其不受欢迎。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">经过一年多的试验,我提出了Pyrocat-HD配方,首次发表在《Post-Factory Photography》第四期。后来,我对显影剂做了一些小的修改,从1999年春天开始,这个配方已经在上以它的当前形式提供。Pyrocat-HD目前作为套件在美国由Photographer's Formulary公司销售,在欧洲由Lotus Camera公司销售。该配方经过仔细的平衡,通过适当的搅拌,得到紧密颗粒的高锐度底片,当使用最小量搅动和静止显影,增强边缘效应。Pyrocat-HD对于许多胶片(与PMK和Rollo Pyro相比)也给出轻微的速度增益,特别是对于1:1:100的稀释。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Pyrocat-HD</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是一种基于焦儿茶酚和菲尼酮的显影剂配方,与基于焦酚的显影剂相比,该显影剂在旋转冲洗的胶片页片方面具有明显的优势,因为它不太可能引起不希望的染色或不均匀显影。许多摄影师也发现Pyrocat-HD在洗相盘中洗冲工作良好,我知道不少人正在通过检查方法进行显影,包括刷子显影。此外,随后用Pyrocat-HD进行的测试和实验表明,由于它具有高的锐度和紧密的晶粒图案,它也是35mm和中画幅胶卷使用的极好显影剂。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">PYROCAT-HD<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">比其他</span>PYRO<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">显影剂更好吗?</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">我不是一个投机取巧者,我对胶片和显影的哲学是一直以来就坚持那些良好的工作习惯。有几个非常好的染色显影,我已经使用和测试了它们中的大多数。我使用PMK作为我的主要显影剂将近十年,但当我切换到旋转冲洗时,我开始发现有不均匀显影、条纹和过度的总体染色的问题。我已经使用Pyrocat-HD大约五年了,还没有发现这些问题。这个事实,以及我的Pyrocat-HD底片一直以来的高质量,使我确信地证明,Pyrocat-HD是所有染色显影剂中最一致和最无问题的。它具有以下特性。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">非常高的锐度,并具有非常明显的清晰度在印刷的能力。我的测试表明,使用Pyrocat-HD的锐度优于其他高锐度显影剂,如PMK和FX-2。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">非常紧密的晶粒图案,几乎与PMK和FX-2相同,适用于35mm及其他规格卷装胶卷。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">快速。甚至在1:1:100稀释时,Pyrocat-HD比PMK和WD2D都需要更短的显影时间来达到等效CI值。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">非常干净的作用,产生非常低的总体染色水平,即使长时间的显影。这使得它成为一个非常有吸引力的,需要非常高的CI底片替代印相工艺的显影剂。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">5. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">非常稳定,不会遭受不均匀的染色或条纹。它可以与旋转冲洗一起使用,完全不用担心不均匀显影、条纹或染色。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">6. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">当在罐中处理胶卷时,可以以最小的搅拌量使用,以获得非常明显的边缘效应,从而可以产生非常明显的锐度。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">7. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">当底片显影到相同的CI时,在1:1:100稀释度下的Pyrocat-HD比其他Pyro染色显影剂给出稍微更大的有效胶片速度。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">8. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Pyrocat-HD</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是制做两用底片较好的显影剂,即可用于普通银盐相纸和AZO相纸,也可用于替代印相工艺。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">9. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">当与银盐明胶可变反差相纸印放时,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Pyrocat-HD</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">渲染上中间调和高光比焦酚为基础的显影剂有更多的对比度。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">10. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">使用Pyrocat-HD非常便宜。当从头开始混合时,比使用基于焦酚的显影剂(如Rollo Pyro、PMK和WD2D)更经济。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">PYROCAT-HD<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">配方</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">将Pyrocat-HD两种原液混合,稀释后制成用于显影的工作溶液。存贮液的保质期非常好。存贮液A可以在部分充满的瓶子中储存长达一年,而存贮液B保持无限期。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><table cellspacing="3" cellpadding="0" style="margin-bottom: 10px; width: 677px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><tbody style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><tr style="max-width: 100%; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><td colspan="2" height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">Pyrocat-HD</font></span></strong></p></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><td colspan="2" height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">Stock Solution A</font></span></em></strong></p></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><td width="373" height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">Distilled Water</font></span></p></td><td width="181" height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">750 ml</font></span></p></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><td height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Sodium Metabisulfite</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">偏亚硫酸钠</span></font></p></td><td height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">10 g</font></span></p></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><td height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Pyrocatechin</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">邻苯二酚(焦儿茶酚)</span></font></p></td><td height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">50 g</font></span></p></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><td height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Phenidone*</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">菲尼酮</span></font></p></td><td height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">2 g</font></span></p></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><td height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Potassium Bromide</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">溴化钾</span></font></p></td><td height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">1 g</font></span></p></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><td height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">Distilled water to make</font></span></p></td><td height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">1000 ml</font></span></p></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><td colspan="2" height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><em style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">Stock Solution B</font></span></em></strong></p></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><td height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">Distilled Water</font></span></p></td><td height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">700 ml</font></span></p></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><td height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Potassium Carbonate</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">碳酸钾</span></font></p></td><td height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">750 g</font></span></p></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%; height: 22px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><td height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">Distilled Water to make</font></span></p></td><td height="22" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">1000 ml</font></span></p></td></tr><tr style="max-width: 100%; height: 67px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><td colspan="2" height="67" style="padding: 1px; word-break: break-all; border-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;">*</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">将1份A与1份B与100份水混合制成标准工作溶液。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">*或可用</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">25克米吐尔</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">替代</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(胶片速度略有损失)</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; line-height: 8px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">*将2.0克菲尼酮与约5ml异丙醇混合,搅拌成均匀的糊状,然后加入原液搅拌至溶解。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: Cambria; line-height: 1.5em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: -webkit-standard, serif; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">PYROCAT-HD<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">工作液</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">为了显影用于银盐明胶纸印放的底片,推荐的工作溶液是1:1:100稀释。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">对于用AZO和大多数替代工艺,包括碳、铁银、Pt/Pd、范戴克、POP、蛋白和盐纸印刷,推荐使用2:2:100溶液。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">在大多数地方,将工作溶液与自来水混合是安全的。但是,如果您看到任何不寻常的显影伪影,如雪橇,条纹标记,或不均匀的染色,建议使用蒸馏水。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">PYROCAT-HD<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">配方的变化</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在Pyrocat-HD配方中,Metol可以以大约10:1的比例代替Phenidone。这种置换不影响染色强度或锐度,但可能导致胶片的有效速度轻微损失。注意,本文中的显影时间基于Pyrocat-HD的Penidone版本,如果您选择Metol替代,那么这些时间可能需要调整。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在Pyrocat-HD配方中,碳酸钠可以代替碳酸钾。当在工作溶液中以等效化学重量使用时,两种碳酸盐得到的结果几乎相同。然而,碳酸钠比碳酸钾溶解性差得多,所以必须作为弱的浆液混合。为了用碳酸钠制备原液B,向1000ml水中加入200g碳酸钠。为了使银盐印放的工作溶液与使用碳酸钾时的1:1:100稀释度完全相等,混合1:5:94。对于替代工艺印刷,工作溶液应混合2:10:92,以便与碳酸钾的2:2:100稀释度完全匹配。对于所有实际用途,您可以只在1:5:100或2:10:100将工作溶液与碳酸钠混合,并根据需要对显影时间进行小调整。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">有些人正在用10%氢氧化钠的B溶液代替碳酸盐。这看起来工作得很好,但是增加的碱度可能会给一些胶片带来稍微增加的晶粒,所以在进行这种替换之前要仔细测试。用10%氢氧化钠作原料B稀释1份原料A+1.5份原料B+100份水。这种工作溶液将得到与常规2:2:100碳酸钾稀释相似的结果。然而,由于增加晶粒尺寸的可能性,<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我只建议用氢氧化钠代替显影用于接触印相的底片。</span></span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">一般显影程序</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">浸泡五分钟。预湿对洗相洗相盘和显影罐显影是可选的(除了最小和静止显影),但它对旋转冲洗是绝对必要的。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">根据以下说明在管、鼓、洗相盘或显影罐中显影所需的时间。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">停止浴。我建议使用大约1/4到1/2正常强度的稀醋酸浴。如果停止浴太强,它会减少图像染色。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">建议使用碱性定影剂。柯达和伊尔福的快速定影工作良好,配方是TF-4。我使用Anchell和Troop的《The Film Developing Cookbook》中描述的TF-3配方。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">5. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">用海波清洗剂清洗一分钟。我使用的是<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">亚硫酸钠的1%溶液</span>,但是任何商业产品都有同样的用途。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">6. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">水洗30分钟<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">按照Hutchings对PMK的建议,定影后不要使用碱性水浴。我的测试表明,这个浴后添加的染色主要是b+f(片基加雾)或总体染色。总体染色会增加印相时间,对提高底片的印刷质量没有任何作用。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Pyrocat-HD</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">具有多种显影方法,显影效果显著。在此提供了各种方法的一些具体操作过程。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">页片盘显</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">由于其对空气的高度抗氧化性,Pyrocat-HD是一种优秀的盘显显影剂。在洗相盘中冲洗的底片,即使冲洗时间很长,也只有很少的染色。这是因为,与焦酚显影剂不同,Pyrocat-HD对空气氧化不是很敏感,空气氧化被认为是总体染色的主要原因。为了避免刮伤的可能性,我建议每个洗相只冲洗一张胶片,但具有“洗牌”冲洗程序经验的人应该可以这样冲洗。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">为了进行均匀显影,使用比正在显影的胶片大至少一个规格的洗相盘:5x7底片用8X10洗相盘,8x10底片用11x14洗相盘,等等。这将减少由于搅动时显影剂从洗相盘边缘回流时速度增加而导致的局部边缘不均匀显影的可能性。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在洗相盘显影时一定要戴防护手套,以避免皮肤接触。虽然使用焦儿茶酚没有焦酚的长期健康问题,但是由于焦儿茶酚也是一种有毒的化学物质,因此应该用同样的护理水平来工作。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Pyrocat-HD</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">也可以在显影中途检查显影效果。和其他Pyro显影一样,这种染色也能使胶片对安全灯不敏感。在Michael Smith和PauaChamlee的网站上的AZO论坛上,关于Pyrocat-HD在这种类型的应用程序中的使用,已经有相当多的讨论。从这个站点的讨论中得出的结论之一是,当检查Pyrocat-HD的显影效果时,使用琥珀色安全灯比使用绿色安全灯更容易看到显影的程度。这是因为Pyrocat-HD的棕色染色阻挡了绿光,使得在使用绿色安全灯时难以通过透射光来评价底片。然而,如果你用反射光来评估底片密度,绿色或琥珀色滤光片都可以。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">另一种已成功用于Pyrocat-HD的显影方法是刷子显影,并使用暗绿色或琥珀色的安全灯进行检查。Jorge Gasteazoro,来自墨西哥的铂色印相工艺制作者,使用这种显影方法,提供了以下操作方法:</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">把胶卷预浸一分钟。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">将显影剂倒在胶片上,然后立即开始用广角哈克刷或其他类型的细刷子刷。用轻笔从上到下刷,然后从一边刷到另一边。然后重复这个顺序。为了防止胶卷移动,用手指按住其中一个角落。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">大约在预期显影时间的70%之后,打开安全灯,从洗相盘上提起底片,并通过透射光评估显影程度。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">继续上述步骤,直到底片达到必要的密度,然后转移到停止浴,并继续进行与其他冲洗程序。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">页片和胶卷的旋转显影</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">我开发了Pyrocat-HD配方,主要是为了消除我用其他染色显影剂在使用旋转加工中遇到的问题。所谓旋转加工,是指在Jobo、BTZS型管或在电机底座上使用的印刷滚筒中冲洗胶片。我在洗相盘加工中使用PMK多年,并对结果非常满意。然而,当我切换到旋转加工时,我开始经历许多显影问题,包括高染色、胶片乳剂侧的条纹,以及由于与管表面或肋骨接触而在乳剂基部侧产生的不寻常的压力痕迹。有时,条纹和压痕在通过视觉光看底片时是不可见的,但它们会在以后用紫外光打印时出现。我改用Rollo Pyro,虽然这样减少了高染色,但是它没有解决划痕和压痕的问题。使用Pyrocat-HD在我自己的工作中消除了所有这些问题,我坚信它是迄今为止用于旋转显影方法的最好的Pyro显影剂。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">焦儿茶酚酚的最大优点之一是它在碱性溶液中的氧化速度没有焦酚快。然而,在非常活跃的搅拌下,如在Jobo中以最大速度搅拌时,Pyrocat-HD确实会氧化。由于这个原因,我建议在Jobo冲洗机中显影时,非常慢的旋转来来减少氧化。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">我推荐的旋转加工程序是简单而传统的。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">首先把胶片装入管子或滚筒中。对于某些鼓和管,可能需要将胶片预湿,以确保片基上的防光晕涂层清除。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">把胶卷浸泡五分钟。推荐使用蒸馏水。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">排出预浸水,将显影剂倒入鼓或管中,开始显影。我建议每4X5英寸的胶片(20平方英寸)至少稀释50毫升。这相当于大约90ml的5X7,200ml的8X10,385ml的11X14,300ml的7X17,600ml的12X20,1200ml的20X24。记住,这些是最小数量。用2:2:100稀释,用量可以减少约20%。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">根据您是使用Jobo、BTZS型管还是使用马达底座上的打印鼓,按以下方式调整程序。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Jobo-</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">旋转速度应该处于可用的最慢设置。这是非常重要的,因为快速旋转将导致一般或b+f染色的大幅增加。如果不能减慢旋转速度,还有其他方法可以减少总体染色的数量。碱性Pyrocat-HD显影剂中可能发生的氧化程度由工作溶液中亚硫酸钠防腐剂的量控制。随着大多数形式的显影,Pyrocat-HD几乎不需要亚硫酸盐来防止过度的总体染色,它由A溶液中少量亚硫酸氢钠提供,这起到两个作用:1)亚硫酸氢钠在原液中起保护剂的作用,2)当它与碳酸钾碱混合时形成亚硫酸盐。粗暴的反应.然而,当我们在高转速下进行旋转加工来显影胶片时,亚硫酸盐的量是不够的,可能导致染色。为了防止这种情况,我推荐下列解决方案之一:在配制工作溶液时加入30%以上的原液A,或者(但不是)在每升工作溶液中加入约0.3g/L的亚硫酸钠。这两种溶液具有在工作溶液中增加亚硫酸钠保护剂的量的实际效果,这将减慢氧化速度。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">BTZS</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">型管子-通过允许管子在水浴中随意摆动,每隔几秒钟轻轻地旋转来显影。不要太激动。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">在电机底座上印制滚筒-每分钟左右取出滚筒,使其剧烈的侧向搅拌。这将打破由电机基座的**面旋转产生的任何层流模式,并防止溴化物阻力。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">罐显</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">在没有特殊预防措施的情况下,按照常规程序,Pyrocat-HD可用于在罐内显影35mm、卷片和页片。对于Pyrocat-HD来说,不需要剧烈的搅拌,就像和焦酚的显影一样,而且对于大多数胶卷,可以成功地使用最小的搅拌过程。静止搅拌也可用于一些页片。然而,<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这确定三种方法中的哪一种,需要进行轻微的修改。</span></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">正常搅拌-正常搅拌罐显影被认为是连续搅拌的头60秒的显影,然后每30-60秒搅拌5-10秒。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">使用这种搅拌模式,Pyrocat-HD可以不用修改常规显影的正常程序。</span></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">最小搅拌-最小搅拌包括连续搅拌的头60秒的发展,然后每三分钟搅拌10秒。采用这种方法,强烈建议预先浸泡5分钟,以避免在乳液上形成气泡。最小搅拌有三个理想的结果:1)它通过形成最大邻接效应而给出很大的边缘锐度,2)它提供补偿效应,3)它提供增加的乳化速度。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">用最小的搅拌,你应该延长正常显影时间约50%,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">但有价值的负片之前先做实验。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">静止显影——<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是一种高度专业化的显影类型,它结合非常长的显影时间使用非常稀释的显影剂。它的目的是创造极端的边界效应和最大的表面锐度。它还能使乳化速度达到最大值,并提供很大的补偿效果。</span>当它起作用时,结果可能是非凡的,甚至是惊人的。不幸的是,这种显影方法充满了危险,在实践中会发现一些影片,尤其是高速影片,不适合这种类型的显影。并且即使当该程序对于特定的胶卷工作得很好时,由于气泡、溴化物拖曳,常常会有一个或多个画面被破坏,或者许多其他显影工件中的一个,可能对这种显影方法造成麻烦。由于这个原因,有必要彻底测试你的影片,并总是作出两个或两个以上的重要场景备份镜头时,使用静止显影。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在静止显影中你应该预先将胶片浸泡约5分钟,以消除气泡的形成。如果在静止显影期间在胶片上形成气泡,底片将被破坏,因为气泡将阻止在该点显影剂的任何交换,并且效果将是在气泡周围散布直径高达1/4“到3/8”的不规则圆形图案,从而破坏画面或胶片。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">用于静止显影的Pyrocat-HD工作溶液应在大约2:2:400-500混合,即两份A+两份B+400-500份水。在开始显影时,排出预浸水,倒入显影剂中,<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">持续剧烈搅拌60秒。然后,把显影罐放在一边,在开发期的剩余时间里不再搅拌。大多数胶片的显影时间都在45-60分钟范围内</span>。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">PYROCAT-HD<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">和其他</span>PYRO<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">染色型显影剂比较</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在比较Pyrocat-HD染色与其他显影剂染色的效果时,重要的是要区分所使用的各种工艺。正如我们已经观察到的,Pyrocat-HD染色的颜色与其他Pyro染色显影剂的颜色不同。而且,由于不同类型的纸张和工艺对光有不同的光谱响应,因此根据染色的颜色,印刷会有一些差异。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">大多数采用Pyro染色显影剂的人都使用以下工艺之一进行图像制作。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">分级明胶银盐相纸</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">可变反差明胶银盐相纸</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">3. AZO</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">需要高紫外光曝光的替代工艺。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">让我们考虑不同染色对这些工艺的影响。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">明胶银盐分级相纸</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-indent: 0em; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">分级银盐相纸由纸或RC基材上的一层乳液组成。分级纸的灵敏度范围从紫外线开始,延伸到紫色、蓝色和略带绿色的可见范围。一般来说,我们在打印时使用UV滤光片来消除方程式中的UV光。分级纸张对蓝光最敏感,一般来说,彩色密度计的蓝色通道将提供纸的实际印刷对比度或曝光刻度的相当准确的指示。从理论上讲,这意味着用分级银盐相纸染色的功能是增强对比度,以便从染色的颜色中得到很少的差别或优势。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">然而,在实践中发现,与其他Pyro染色显影剂的绿色染色相比,Pyrocat-Hd的棕色染色将表现出稍微更多的对比度。这是因为分级纸对绿光有一定的敏感性,而棕色染色比绿色染色能更有效地阻挡绿光。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">可变反差明胶银盐相纸</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">可变反差银盐相纸具有两个乳胶层:蓝色高对比度感光层和绿色低对比度感光层。用这些纸,染色的颜色是非常重要的,<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在实践中,当用棕色和绿色的底片印刷时,会得到完全不同的结果。</span></span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">当用绿色染色底片印刷VC纸时,会发现绿色染色作为连续可变的对比度过滤器,作为其实际结果,它具有非常好地保持高亮值的能力。滤光片是可变的,因为染色的比例性质,这当然是最大的高光的地方,有很多银的密度。这种硬币的负面之处在于,扩大亮度范围是以这些值中的对比度损失为代价的。换句话说,亮度值越高,在带有绿色阴影的打印曲线中您将看到越多的肩膀,并且这转换为高亮色调中的平滑或对比度损失。在实践中会发现,带有绿色阴影的肩部趋势实际上开始于上部中音,因此人们可以在这些区域以及高亮部分看到一些音调变平。如果你查阅文献,你会发现PMK的主要缺点之一是缺乏中间和高亮区域的分离或对比。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">棕色比绿色能更有效地阻挡绿光,因此,Pyrocat-HD比PMK具有更少的肩部突出部分。其结果是,在VC纸上用Pyrocat-HD底片制作的印刷品与用PMK底片制作的印刷品相比,在亮点处会有更多的对比度,但是补偿效果会降低。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">AZO</font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">AZO</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">纸与普通分级纸相似,因为它对蓝光有很强的敏感性,但不同之处在于它对绿光的敏感性要小得多。AZO比其他的银明胶纸慢得多,必须接触印刷。而且,虽然AZO有两种等级,但即使是最软的等级也有比普通银纸更长的ES(曝光量级)。这意味着,你需要一个底片与许多对比打印与2级AZO纸。用于用2级AZO打印的着色底片应该具有大约log 1.2的视觉密度读数,这将转换为带有蓝色通道读数的大约1.5。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">在实践中会发现棕色的Pyrocat-HD比其他Pyro开发者的绿色染色阻挡更多的蓝色和UV光,这意味着对于给定的视觉密度读数,Pyrocat-HD底片将打印出比PMK或Rollo Pyro具有更多对比度的AZO。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">那么,Pyrocat-HD与ABC Pyro相比,运用AZO工艺哪个效果好?确实非常好,根据最近在Michael和Paua的AZO论坛上的交流,很明显相当多的ABC Pyro用户已经转向Pyrocat-HD。我最近在AZO论坛上对两个显影剂做了一些比较,这里以稍微编辑过的形式重现了。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">ABC PYRO <span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">与</span>PYROCAT-HD<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">比较</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Cambria; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">对于用AZO或铁银、碳例子、铂/钯等替代工艺印刷的底片,应使用2:2:100稀释的Pyrocat-HD。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: Cambria; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">ABC Pyro</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在1:1:1:7稀释时使用,比2:2:100稀释的Pyrocat-HD稍微更有活力。<span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">这意味着使用Pyrocat-HD的显影时间将需要比ABC Pyro稍微长一些,可能大约20-25%,</span>以达到相同的CI(对比度指数)。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">ABC Pyro</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">负片和Pyrocat-HD负片的视觉比较会产生误导,因为Pyrocat-HD负片的有效印刷密度中由染色密度组成的百分比要高得多。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Pyrocat-HD</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">底片比ABC Pyro中显影的底片颗粒更细,这使得它成为更通用的显影剂,因为它也可以与胶卷以及用于投影印刷的胶片一起使用,而不具有ABC Pyro所特有的大颗粒。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">5. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">许多人在基于焦酚的显影剂(包括PMK和ABC Pyro)中经历过的不均衡的显影和条纹,用Pyrocat-HD完全消除了。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">6. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Pyrocat-HD</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是一种更好的显影剂,用于为那些对使用普通银盐相纸和AZO(或使用替代工艺,如碳、铂/钯或钾型)感兴趣的人制做两用底片。这是因为与ABC相比,Pyrocat-HD底片在UV光处理和蓝敏光处理的有效印刷密度之间存在更大的差异。这是由于Pyrocat-HD底片的有效印相密度中由棕色染色所占的比例要高得多,棕色染色对UV光起高效过滤器的作用。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">替代工艺</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Printing with alternative processes such as albumen, carbon, kallitype, platinum/palladium, salted paper, and vandyke is similar to printing with AZO in that these processes require negatives of high DR (density range), ranging from a low of about log 1.4 with platinum to a high of over log 2 .25 with albumen and salted paper. Alternative processes are most sensitive to UV light, and since the stain of Pyro developers functions as a highly actinic filter to UV light it follows that the stain can add a lot of effective printing contrast to a negative. As an actinic filter for UV light the brown stain of Pyrocat-HD is much more efficient than the greenish stain of some of the other staining developers.</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">用诸如白蛋白、碳、铁银、铂/钯、盐渍纸和范戴克等替代工艺进行印刷类似于用AZO进行印刷,因为这些工艺需要高DR(密度范围)的负片,从低的对数约为log1.4的铂到高的约为log2.25蛋白和盐纸工艺。以及其他对紫外光敏感的工艺,并且由于Pyro显影剂的染色对紫外光起高度光化滤光片的作用,因此该染色可以增加许多有效的印刷对比度。作为紫外光的光化滤光片,Pyrocat-HD的棕色染色比其他一些染色显影剂的绿色染色更有效。<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">我曾对Ilford FP4+胶片的视觉曲线、蓝色曲线和UV曲线与几个Pyro显影剂进行了比较:</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">)Pyrocat-HD,2:2:100,</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">)PMK,1:2:100,</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">)Rollo Pyro,2:4:100,</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">)WD2D,20:20:400和</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">5</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">)Pyrocat-HD,1:1:100。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4">对这些曲线的分析揭示了一些有趣的信息。</font></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">由7.0SBR的显影得到的密度范围大约从log 1.2到log 1.3。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">即使对于相对较低的DR为1.2到1.3,PMK和WD2D也需要相当长的显影时间,分别为20分钟和15分钟。这一事实使得这些显影在正常SBR条件下对替代工艺的边际效用很小,而且对于在需要N+显影的场景中暴露的负面因素来说是非常不切实际的。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在FP4+乳液中,1:1:100的Pyrocat-HD产生最高有效胶片速度。当SBR为7时,在显影10分钟时,FP4+的有效膜速为EI 200。所有其他组合在相同的参数下产生最大EI 160。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">在2:2:100稀释时Pyrocat-HD和2:4:100稀释时Rollo Pyro在显影6分钟时在紫外光下产生几乎相同的曲线。</span></font></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><font size="4"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">5. </span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">Pyrocat-HD</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">底片在UV和Blue读数上比其他显影配方有更大的差异。这是一个有影响的事实,因为它清楚地表明,Pyrocat-HD将比其他任何显影剂更好地显影双用底片。也就是说,用普通的银盐明胶纸(对蓝光最敏感的纸)能印相效果好的Pyrocat-HD底片,也可以用另一种对紫外光敏感的方法印相。相比之下,焦酚显影剂的绿色染色作为光化滤光片对紫外光的效果要差得多,结果是,该染色对具有紫外敏感工艺的底片增加很少的额外有效印刷密度。</span></font></p><p style="font-size: medium; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; font-family: Cambria; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 13px; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="font-size: 17px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><img class="" data-croporisrc="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/QkwIoZkJIibessNHAeScVWMmB16MO6w5ic89GPVP1kzXeiaoFZPrfc7Oz0hgrLCe8eumE**hibRUXbZgcibYEKFfKg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-cropx1="43.7410071942446" data-cropx2="1240.863309352518" data-cropy1="0" data-cropy2="957.6978417266187" data-ratio="0.7994987468671679" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/QkwIoZkJIibessNHAeScVWMmB16MO6w5ic8KNlqlqcyqnPseYTL0dO09a8wewL1tOeKCuPUiahA6lm15FwTDJkeag/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1197" _width="520px" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/QkwIoZkJIibessNHAeScVWMmB16MO6w5ic8KNlqlqcyqnPseYTL0dO09a8wewL1tOeKCuPUiahA6lm15FwTDJkeag/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; width: 520px !important; visibility: visible !important;"></p><p style="font-size: 17px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.853125" data-s="300,640" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/QkwIoZkJIibessNHAeScVWMmB16MO6w5icibrBJOfXWLZLnPy5BljL6jWz3OXbPYe5mjQrk1d0PhHSxm6g9v8CFmw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1280" _width="677px" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/QkwIoZkJIibessNHAeScVWMmB16MO6w5icibrBJOfXWLZLnPy5BljL6jWz3OXbPYe5mjQrk1d0PhHSxm6g9v8CFmw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" crossorigin="anonymous" data-fail="0" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; height: auto !important; width: 677px !important; visibility: visible !important;"></p><p style="font-size: 17px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 13px; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;">使用Pyrocat-HD 冲洗的底片与扫描文件</span></p><hr style="font-size: 17px; max-width: 100%; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; border-style: solid; border-right-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.098); transform-origin: 0px 0px 0px; transform: scale(1, 0.5); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><p style="font-size: 17px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 13px; font-family: 华文仿宋; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="font-size: 17px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;">
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