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标题: 我也谈谈DIY干板工艺和配方 [打印本页]
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-4 23:46
标题: 我也谈谈DIY干板工艺和配方
本帖最后由 qilulord 于 2015-2-5 00:04 编辑
刚才看到shajianmin兄发的这个配方，我觉得我也算是有发言权的人吧~~毕竟就在25天前，我复原了这个配方，结果发现这个配方就是个笑话。
到了年关，刚期末考试完，还得上提高班，所以实在是没有时间整理，我会在一周以内慢慢的整理下我收集到的材料，至少从一个学化学的人的角度看，我觉得我收集的资料比那个色影无忌论坛的配方靠谱多了。
我现在就提出一点质疑，那就是最重要的那步，把乳剂像挤面条一样挤出来这步，按他的配方是完全没办法完成的。
我查到的配方是 90g水一共用了17g明胶，他的配方是760g水一共才用了50g明胶。人家配方的明胶浓度是色影无忌那个配方的3倍。果然，我做的时候就完全是酸奶样，根本不可能出现挤成条状的意大利面的形状。
另，附上我查到的配方的网站地址 http://www.thelightfarm.com/navlist.htm随后几天我会连续更新，请大家静待。
作者: shajianmin1975 时间: 2015-2-5 10:48
我也一直想要玩干板，没时间也没场地测试一下配方，问别人也问不出来，想着抽空试着弄一下，兄台你的测试让我又燃起希望，期待你的成功配方！谢谢！
作者: kouroi 时间: 2015-2-5 21:47
支持楼主！
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-5 23:13
2015年2月5日 星期四 时间 18:00-20:00
实验目标：测试 25天前制作的干板乳剂配方
实验步骤：
1 加热乳剂至41°，使其融化。
2 涂布后等待冷却和彻底干燥，我等了一个半小时~~
3 将干板装入片夹
4 曝光测试
5 冲洗
下面是图片报告：
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-5 23:27
本帖最后由 qilulord 于 2015-2-5 23:31 编辑
6 用刚才一起涂布的另外4只玻璃板拍照发现全都在D72中瞬间变黑，可见乳剂已经完全曝光，废了~~
结论与说明：
此乳剂在最后配制完成之后都是严格按照色影无忌配方来配制，但是涂布的时候发现一个问题，就是卤化银颗粒轻易的从胶面脱落的情况。这种情况，只可能是明胶不足，卤化银颗粒无法充分分散在明胶里导致的。所以必须补充明胶，但是补充明胶又会导致卤化银浓度变小。在参考国外配方之后，如果想要达到国外配方的水：明胶：硝酸银的配比，唯一的方法就是蒸去大量的水。所以，使用水浴80度加热了整整28个小时，最后得到120mL乳剂。
需要说明的是，绝对不可能出现乳剂曝光的事情，所有的操作我都是抹黑去做的，暗室灯距离我超过5米。
至于乳剂会变成这样，估计就是在国外配方里反复强调的，温度绝对不能超过55度，而且国外配方的一般操作温度都是45度左右，估计是高温会使卤化银直接发生反应，而不需要光的作用。
对于色影无忌配方的评价：
该配方并非一无是处，虽然水明胶比存在严重的错误，但是最终按照国外配方水明胶比配制的明胶乳剂性质还是不错的，不显影直接定影也能形成极其透明的胶膜。建议修改配方至90g水对17克明胶对10g硝酸银，其他卤代物配方维持原配方即可，建议操作温度在40-45度之间。（不过我是不打算试了，谁愿意来谁来吧，心疼死我的10g硝酸银了。）
下次帖子说明：翻译国外帖子，并准备按国外配方来一次。
作者: gongchen5411 时间: 2015-2-6 00:31
持续关注，这样我手上的那些69胶片盒都能用上了，
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-14 01:16
本帖最后由 qilulord 于 2015-2-14 01:39 编辑
写在前面的
这是一个我在搜寻干板配方的时候偶然进入的网站。
这是网站的宣传页面的介绍，其实我并不在意这些东西。因为很多网站都如此标榜自己，但是，当我真正花了一个月的时间完全看完了整个网站之后，我打算在第一段怀着敬佩的心情把这段文字翻译出来，当之无愧。
此文章由中华相机论坛qilulord翻译，转载请注明
The Light Farm
A Cooperative of Photographers — Artists,Scientists, Historians —
Dedicated to the Renaissance of HandcraftedSilver Gelatin Emulsions
An Evolving Body of Knowledge
光田社 #我自己的翻译#
一个由照相师、艺术家、科学家、历史学家组成的合作团体
致力于复兴手工银胶乳剂工艺
我们的知识并不过时，我们的知识与时俱进
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-14 01:17
本帖最后由 qilulord 于 2015-2-14 01:39 编辑
现贴下原文与我的对照翻译，对于文字的信达雅，我只能保证做到信和达，不过请大家放心，专业知识我绝对不会出错的，我是化学系毕业的。我的个人分析会用“#”前后标注。
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-14 01:17
The Light Farm Glass Plate Negative Emulsion #1
Modified from Photographic Emulsion Technique, 2nd Ed. T. Thorne Baker, 1948, page 82.
“光田”玻璃干板负片乳剂1号配方
根据 1948年 T.Thome Baker 所著 《照相乳剂工艺（第二版）》第82页 改进。
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-14 01:23
本帖最后由 qilulord 于 2015-2-14 01:44 编辑
First Session: For Approx. 200 ml emulsion: Preheat waterbath on magnetic hot plate to 43C. Weigh out ingredients.
第一阶段：制作大约200毫升乳剂：在磁加热搅拌器上预热水浴锅至43摄氏度恒温。并称量下列组分。#它的描述基本上就是磁加热搅拌器上用大烧杯做水当水浴锅，恒温加热到43摄氏度，不过我本人认为压根没必要为了磁力搅拌这么干，所以一台专业水浴锅足矣。搅拌的事，还不就是自己累点。#
Part D: Distilledwater, refrigerator temp 20 ml
Gelatin 15 g
In a beaker (150 to 250 ml size) or a containerthat is easy to scrape out, swell gelatin at least 30 minutes at room temp.
组分D： 蒸馏水 （冰箱冷藏室温度） 20毫升 #基本上冰箱冷藏室温度在4-8摄氏度#
明胶 15克
在150到250毫升烧杯或者任意的容易把里面的东西刮（挖）出来的容器中，让明胶在室温下#20-25摄氏度#吸胀至少30分钟。
关于明胶我先科普一下，明胶基本分为两类，食品用和实验用。这两个没有任何可比性。不过就我个人的经验来开，食品用的未必不好，但实验用里生物实验级的是最差的，要买就买分析纯的。如果实在买不到也没有关系，不过就是费点事，你把明胶颗粒买回来，然后慢慢挑，挑淡黄色到黄色的，把深黄色的和黑色的分开。然后用的时候用颜色浅的那波。反正500g一瓶呢。
Part A: Distilledwater, refrigerator temp 50 ml
Gelatin 2.5 g
In 250 ml beaker, swell gelatin 30 min.Add:
Ammonium bromide 6.5 g
Potassium iodide, 10% solution 1 ml
Melt to 43C in waterbath, with occasional, gentle stirring.
组分A：蒸馏水 （冰箱冷藏室温度） 50毫升
明胶 2.5克
在250毫升烧杯中让明胶吸胀30分钟后加入
溴化铵 6.5克
10%碘化钾溶液 #质量分数# 1毫升
将此混合物在43摄氏度水浴中融化，并不时轻微的搅拌。
Part B: SilverNitrate 5.2 g
Distilledwater, room temp 5 ml
Ammonia,28% 5+ ml
Measure 5 ml ammonia into a 10 ml graduatedcylinder. Have a dropper bottle of ammonia ready and waiting.
In a small beaker dissolve the silver inthe water (by stirring with the handle of a plastic spoon). Slowly, withstirring, add 5 ml ammonia. (Excellent ventilation is a very good thing here.)With the first few drops of ammonia, the solution will turn a muddy black fromthe precipitate that is formed. After the first 5 ml has been added, startingwith two drops at a time, add more ammonia, stirring and observing after eachaddition. When you see that the solution is starting to clear, slow theaddition to one drop at a time, with stirring. The ammonia is dissolving theprecipitate. There will only be one drop between being able to see a fewremaining black flecks and total clearing. It is important to avoid excessammonia. When the solution is clear, cover (I set a glass coffee cup saucer ontop) and set aside at room temp.
组分B：硝酸银 5.2克 #其实此组分就是银氨溶液#
蒸馏水（室温） 5毫升
28%氨水 #就是市售未经稀释的氨水# 5+毫升
先在10毫升量筒里称量5毫升氨水，并额外准备一滴瓶氨水备用。
先在一个小烧杯里完全溶解硝酸银（用塑料勺子搅拌）。#此步建议25毫升规格的烧杯，他强调塑料勺的目的是强调一切和乳剂接触的东西都不应该是金属制的，所以玻璃棒搅拌即可# 边搅拌边缓慢加入5毫升氨水（注意通风）。 一开始的几滴氨水会使硝酸银溶液产生浑浊的黑色沉淀。在一开始的5毫升氨水加入后，开始用滴瓶滴加，一开始一次滴两滴，滴入后，搅拌并观察。#按一般的实验操作应该是搅拌1秒，观察2-3秒# 当你看到溶液开始变得澄清，#此步的意思是有黑色沉淀开始溶解# 不停搅拌并每次滴一滴，此时每次滴加时间间隔应加长。#这就是那句slow的意思# 直至氨水将沉淀完全溶解。一定要保证最后一滴氨水恰好使沉淀完全溶解，绝对要避免多加哪怕一滴氨水。#此处意译# 当溶液澄清后，盖住并置于室温下（我用的是托咖啡杯的碟子）。
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-14 01:29
本帖最后由 qilulord 于 2015-2-14 02:01 编辑
Part C: Silvernitrate 5.2 g
Distilledwater, room temp 22 ml
Dissolve, cover, and hold at 43C.
组分C：硝酸银 5.2克
蒸馏水（室温） 22毫升
溶解并加盖，水浴恒温至43摄氏度。
Turn the heat off the waterbath. Make surethe temperature is not above 43C.If it is, add a little ice water through the thermometer hole. (I keep a washbottle in the refrigerator to cool down the waterbath if necessary. Temperaturecontrol is our friend.)
关闭水浴，一定确保温度在43摄氏度以下，如果温度过高，可以用冰水降温。（我常年在冰箱里冷藏一瓶用来降温的水。 #后面这句貌似是说带温控开关的水浴锅是最好的选择，不过也无所谓了。#）
#此时，在水浴锅里的组分有A、C。在室温下放置的组分有B、D.#
Under red or dark amber safelight:
以下操作需在红色或暗室安全灯下
** sure you know which is which, haveParts B and C at the handy. Over 5 seconds time, with slow stirring, add Part Bto Part A through a small funnel (0.5 cmoutlet) held right above the gelatin mixture. Immediately add Part C in thesame manner. Stir an additional 30 sec. Stop stirring. Pull the waterbath offthe hot plate. Ripen the mixture without stirring for 15 minutes. Make sure thewaterbath temperature stays between 40 and 43C. (Make a note of the temperature curve over the 15minutes for future reference and recipe refinement.)
首先要确保你在暗光下能准确分辨出4种组分，并将B和C放在手边。在不停缓慢搅拌的过程中，在5秒钟内，将组分B通过一个小漏斗加入组分A中，小漏斗应该刚好放置在明胶混合物的正上方。并用同样的方法立刻添加组分C。#75毫升漏斗就行# 再额外搅拌30秒。停止搅拌。将水浴锅从加热板上移走。 #因为作者用的是磁加热搅拌器# 熟化混合物15分钟，期间不能搅拌。确保熟化过程中温度保持在40到43摄氏度之间。（你可以在这15分钟里每隔1分钟记录下温度下降的曲线，以便于为你在将来重复本工艺或者改进配方时提供参考。）
#该作者的思路是，加热盘加温控温，到了组分都到达43摄氏度后，关闭加热装置，在关闭后的第一个一分钟内做完加料和搅拌工作，然后撤掉加热装置，使水浴装置自然冷却，使其在15分钟内温度控制在40-43摄氏度之间。但是，15分钟内温度不可能只下降3度，所以需要你记录温度下降的曲线，以便于在温度比如41度时再重新开始加温，加温到42度，然后再取下来，这就需要你做非常详细的记录，以便你以后再做的时候知道什么时候重新加热，什么时候再拿下来。但我的思路很简单，就是准备2个水浴锅，一个如标准工艺操作，另一个直接恒温41摄氏度，熟化15分钟的时候，直接拿出来放2号水浴锅就行了。#
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-14 01:34
本帖最后由 qilulord 于 2015-2-14 02:06 编辑
Fluff the Part D gelatin with a plasticfork. Sprinkle/scrape it into the hot mix. Gently press in under the su**ceand give a gentle stir. Ripen with only two short stirs another 15 minutes. (Agentle stir and scrape from the bottom at 5 minutes and 10 minutes.) The heatshould stay between 40 and 42Cdegrees. It may be necessary to slide the waterbath back onto the hot plate.
用塑料叉子将D组分的明胶捣碎，扒散，弄成均匀的碎末，然后把明胶加入到热的混合物中。轻柔的将明胶压到混合物的表面以下并轻柔的搅拌均匀即可。再次熟化15分钟，只在第5、第10分钟的时候进行2次简短的搅拌，搅拌的时候务必轻柔，并上下搅动。#这个上下搅动的意思就是，吃鱼汤泡饭的时候把鱼汤加进去然后用勺子插进去把饭从碗底翻上来那样充分的搅动，而平常的搅拌就是画圈搅拌。# 熟化时温度应该控制在40至42摄氏度，此时把水浴锅再次移至加热盘上是很有必要的。# 如果用我的思路，这就很简单了，反正2号水浴锅也是41度恒温。但此步骤暗含一个结果，就是你必须要保证在二次熟化之后，你后加进去的明胶已经完全融化，烧杯中是均一的乳剂，而不能有没化完的结块#
Pour the melt into a ziploc sandwich bagresting in ice water. Seal the bag and refrigerate in a light proof container at least 4 hrs. (Note: This time period is an emulsion variable. Be consistent, or, keep a record of theinterval between sessions.)
把乳剂倒到一个泡在冰水里的三明治自封袋里。# 随便啥自封袋都行。# 封上袋子，并装入一个避光的容器里冷藏至少4小时。（注意：这个冷藏时间可以改变乳剂的感光特性，如果你要重复制作干板乳剂，请保持每次时间一致，或者对不同的冷藏时间的乳剂进行登记，以便寻找最佳配比或者实验不同乳剂的感光特性。）
# 第一部分结束#
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-14 01:37
已经整理了一晚上了，我得睡了，过几天弄第二部分，一共3个部分。
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-15 01:34
Second Session: Preheat waterbath to 55C. Have a 400 ml beaker ready.
第二阶段：先将水浴预热至55度恒温，并准备一个400毫升烧杯。
Washing the gelatin: In the dark or undersafelight, put the baggie of refrigerated silver gelatin in another lightproofcontainer at room temperature and let warm a bit (approx. � hour). It will betoo stiff to noodle otherwise. Bare in mind the time/temperature component ofripening. You don’t want the gelatin to get too warm or sit around too long orthe sensitivity curve will become an unknown - at the worst to the point offog. If the lump of gelatin is still too hard to squeeze through the ricer whenyou get started, you can tear off smaller pieces with your latex-glovedfingers, ** very sure you don’t drop any.
冲洗明胶：在暗处或暗室灯下，把冷藏的银胶从袋子里转移至另一个避光的容器中，并放置在室温下使其升温少许（大约？小时 #我估计是1/2小时#），否则明胶会太硬没法被挤成面条状。你也绝不希望你的明胶温度太高或者拿出来时间太长以至于乳剂的感光曲线会发生未知的变化——最差的情况是当你用ricer #手拧饸饹机# 挤出乳剂的时候里面仍然有很硬的硬块，这样的情况会导致底片产生雾点。你也可以带着乳胶手套把乳剂撕成均匀的小片，不管如何操作，要保证乳剂没有被遗漏的部分。
Have a large quantity of ice wateravailable (tap water or filtered, depending on your water quality � distilledis not required and may even be detrimental). I fill a Coleman drink containerwith crushed ice from the corner market and keep it covered with tap waterthrough the washing cycles. Set a jelly straining bag in a half gallon sizeColeman cold thermos, turning the top of the bag over the edge of the thermos.Pull the drawstring securely and tie with a bow tie. Fill with ice water(strain out any pieces of ice). Set the open potato ricer bowl in the ice waterin the thermos. Go to safelight.
准备大量的带冰的冰水（自来水或过滤的水都可以，这取决于你当地的水质情况，没必要使用蒸馏水，甚至蒸馏水会对下面得操作产生负面影响。 #此处我存疑，如果他希望水中的矿物质对乳剂有所作用，那么此步绝对是不可控制的因素，在成熟的工艺中是应当极力避免的，所以我认为应该使用蒸馏水，或者始终使用同一品牌的纯净水#）下面一大段我纯意译了。
首先要在一个很大的保温箱（Coleman保温箱）里保存大量的冰水，确保冰块覆盖在水的上面，以便于后面的水洗使用。在一个2升的保温杯里（Colemancold thermos #建议用给病人带饭的那种带玻璃内胆的保温桶即可#）放入一个过滤袋（jelly straining bag #其实就是一个网眼比较细的网兜，过滤用的，自己用纱布缝一个就行了，2层就行，千万别厚 #）把过滤袋的的袋口反过来紧紧的套在保温杯外层袋子放在保温杯里，装满去除了冰块的冰水。把手拧饸饹机放在冰水里，然后进入暗室。
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-15 01:35
Open the baggie of gelatin and turn it outinto the ricer bowl. Keeping the ricer holes under the ice water and inside thejelly strainer bag, squeeze out the threads/抧oodles�. With a small rubber scraper or plastic spoon make sure allthe gelatin gets into the bag. Pull the drawstring very tight and tie in a bowtie. Wrap the neck tightly with a rubber band. Drop the bag in the ice waterand put the lid securely on the thermos.
在暗室中打开装有明胶的袋子，并把明胶装入手拧饸饹机里。确保手拧饸饹机的出面孔泡在过滤袋里的冰水以下，开始把明胶挤压出来，挤成面条状。并用塑料勺子不停的按压手拧饸饹机的内腔，确保所有的明胶都被挤进袋子里。然后把过滤袋袋口扎紧，再在颈部用橡皮筋扎紧，把袋子放进冰水中，并且盖上保温杯的盖子。
Over the next approximately 1 and a halfhours, wash the noodles. (Note: I have checked the pH after each 5 minutechange of water, and the pH lowering curves were identical from 10 to 7.8 fortwo separate trials. You need to get the pH between 7 and 8, but over-washingis to be avoided. I don抰 think it is necessary to check the pH if a careful and consistentwash cycle is maintained.)
静置大约90分钟后，开始洗涤面条状的明胶。（注意：我曾经测试过每次5分钟水洗后的冰水的pH，并且在pH从10下降到7.8的过程中，每两次换水操作之间pH的下降曲线是完全一样的，你应当通过水洗把pH降至7-8之间，而且一定要避免过度的水洗。如果你完全严格按照我的操作执行水洗循环，我并不认为你也需要像我一样测试pH。）
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-15 01:36
Set a timer for 5 minutes, and agitate thethermos like you would a big cylindrical film development tank. This is muchharder to describe than to do: Hold the thermos horizontally in front of you,one hand on the bottom and one hand on the lid. Tip back and forth with aquarter-clock rotation with each tilt. This is a gentle exercise; it justassures that the water is moving inside the container, but not beating up onthe contents.
设置一个每5分钟就提示一次的定时器，摇动保温杯的时候就像摇动显影罐的操作一样。操作如下：水平拿住保温杯，一手拿住盖子，一手拿住底部，每次转动90度的罐子的同时，前后摇动一下保温杯。确保动作非常轻柔，一定要保证保温杯里的水只是在流动，而不是在冲刷里边的明胶面条。
After 5 minutes, open the thermos and pouroff the old water. Remove the jelly bag and gently squeeze out some of thewater. (The point isn抰 to squeeze it completely dry). Strain in new ice water and repeatcycle. It takes me about 1-1/2 hours to make 12 water exchanges.
5分钟后，打开保温杯倒出旧水，取出过滤袋，稍稍挤压出袋子里的水。（不要用想把袋子拧干那样大的力。）加入新的冰水，开始循环，一共需要循环12次，费时60-90分钟。
For the first two 5-minutes washes, Iagitated the entire time. After that I agitated one minute, let the thermos sitfor three minutes and agitated again during the last minute. Since the thermosis light tight, this allows time for breaks and for staging the coatingprocess. Just make sure to go back to safelight each time the thermos isopened.
前2次5分钟的水洗，需要整个5分钟都在摇动保温杯。此后的10次操作，都只需要在最开始摇动1分钟，静置3分钟后，再摇动1分钟。保温杯请务必选用不透光的材质制作的，它在以后的工艺中还得接着用，每次打开保温杯的时候一定要在暗室内操作。# 要我说，就压根在暗室里不出去了#
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-15 01:37
After the last wash, remove the bag and squeeze out as much water as possible. Open the bag and carefully turn the noodles into a 400 ml beaker (a wide mouth plastic canning funnel helps). Have a bowl of ice water and a gold mesh coffee filter at hand. Turn the bag inside out under the ice water and agitate gently to wash the noodles off the bag. Strain the wash water through the coffee filter and return the captured noodles to the beaker. Check the sides of the funnel and scrape down any noodles that have clung to the sides. (Note: don抰 wash them down.) The point of all this is to get as many last pieces of silvered gelatin as possible. The gelatin/water balance is an important variable.
在最后的水洗之后，把过滤袋拿出来，并且挤压里面的水分，能拧多干就拧多干。打开袋子，把明胶面条倒入400毫升的烧杯中（一个塑料的大漏斗会让该操作很容易完成）。准备一大碗冰水和一个金质的咖啡过滤网 # 别怀疑，真的是金质的，我还查了下需要20刀。总之还是明胶不能和金属接触，所以他用了特别稳定的金质的。咱们就用塑料的，但是网眼得很密的才行，目测500目。最后我的想法是，用一个塑料的杯筛，把底部的金属过滤网去掉，然后弄一层棉布做过滤网，我打算用热胶枪试试能不能粘一起。# 在冰水里把袋子的内层翻出来，轻轻晃动袋子，把附着在上面的明胶面条洗下来。用过滤网收集，过滤明胶面条的水分后，将明胶面条放入烧杯中。如果使用了漏斗也需要把漏斗上附着的明胶尽可能干净的刮进烧杯中（千万别用水冲）。此步操作的关键在于，要尽可能多的将明胶收集起来。明胶和水的比例是一个对乳剂性质非常重要的变量。
Set the beaker in the 55C waterbath. Watch the temperature of the bath. It will immediately drop below 40C. Turn the heat up and place a separate thermometer in the gelatin. Gently stir the gelatin every 5 minutes until it hits 40C. (Stirring procedure: with the handle of a plastic spoon, slowly sweep clockwise around the inside of the beaker, make an X across the bottom, followed by another slow sweep around the sides, this time counterclockwise.)
准备一个55摄氏度的水浴锅，将前一步的烧杯放在水浴锅中，仔细观察水浴锅中的温度变化，温度会立刻降至40摄氏度以下。此时继续加热水浴锅，并在烧杯中放入温度计，观察明胶乳剂的温度。每隔5分钟就轻柔的搅拌明胶乳剂，直到乳剂到达40摄氏度。（搅拌的过程：用一个塑料勺子在烧杯内做顺时针搅拌后，再伸入烧杯底部做X形搅拌，之后顺势贴着烧杯壁做逆时针的缓慢搅拌。）
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-15 01:38
本帖最后由 qilulord 于 2015-2-15 01:40 编辑
Drop in a magnetic stirring bar and add
2 drops Steigmann standard aurous ammoniumthiocyanate solution
Slowly stir for 30 seconds.
当乳剂达到40摄氏度是，加入搅拌的磁子，并滴加
2滴Steigmann标准金硫氰酸铵溶液 # 其实就是金增感剂#
然后缓慢搅拌30秒。
Complete digestion without stirring:Continue to bring up the temperature of the waterbath to 52C, keeping a watchful eye. (A smallflashlight with the lens covered with red filter film is invaluable in thedarkroom.) When it hits 50C, turn down the temperature so that theresidual heat on the plate doesn抰 cause the bath to over-shoot 52C. Have ice handy to drop into the waterbath ifovershooting starts to happen. At the same time, watch the temperature of thegelatin. When it hits 52C,remove the beaker from the water bath. With a gentle stir every 5 minutes,watch the temperature until it hits 40C.When it does, stir in thoroughly
此后停止搅拌，完全熟化：将水浴持续加热至52摄氏度，并且保证能观察到实验细节。（此时一个带有红色滤色片的手电是非常关键的。）当水浴锅温度到达50摄氏度时，降低温度保证加热板上的余热不会使水浴锅的温度超过52摄氏度。最好在手边备有冰块，以备不测。同时，观察明胶乳剂的温度，当乳剂到达52摄氏度时，将烧杯从水浴中移出并轻柔的搅拌5分钟，观察乳剂温度，直至40摄氏度，当到达40摄氏度后，充分的搅拌乳剂，使其均匀。
5 ml Everclear
再加入5毫升95%的酒精
Strain the emulsion through a gold meshcoffee filter into another 400 ml beaker or similar wide-mouthed container.Ladle the emulsion onto prepared plates and coat.
用金质咖啡滤网过滤乳剂，将乳剂过滤至另一个400毫升烧杯或者其他的敞口容器中。就可以在预先准备好的玻璃板上涂布了。#此时普通的塑料滤网也应该能满足要求#
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-15 01:41
第二阶段结束
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-16 00:45
第三阶段：主要是是备注和说明部分
Turn out all the lights, check againstlight leaks, and then go away for 8-plus hours. A glass of wine or a good chocolate is highly recommended at this time.
关掉所有的灯，然后检查暗室绝对不漏光，然后离开最少8个小时。强烈建议你在这段时间里享受一杯葡萄酒和一块高级巧克力。 # 我建议大家伙好好睡一觉~#
After at least 8 hours, go to safelight andcheck to be sure the plates are completely dry and then carefully remove themylar backing. Load into holders or stack with interleaving in a light-tightpaper safe.
至少8小时后，进入暗室，检查干板乳剂是否已经彻底干透，然后小心的将玻璃板背面的塑料膜（mylar）去掉。干板就可以装进片盒，或者码放在避光的纸盒里。
Note
说明
1) Steigmann standard aurous ammoniumthiocyanate solution:
Add 6.0 ml of a 1% gold chloride solutionto 50 ml of a 1% ammonium thiocyanate solution, allowing it to clear beforeusing. (Store in dark dropper bottle.)
From SPSE Handbook of Photographic Scienceand Engineering, Edited by Woodlief Thomas, Jr., 1973, pp 518-519.
1）Steigmann标准金硫氰酸铵溶液
向50毫升1%的硫氰酸铵溶液中加入6毫升1%的氯化金溶液，使用前需澄清，取上层清液使用。（用棕色滴瓶避光储存）
配方引自WoodliefThomas, Jr所编辑的《照相科学与工程手册》1973版 518-519页。
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-16 00:47
2) Plate preparation: My glass comes fromthe glass shop 慶leaned� withWindex or something similar that leaves an oily, water repellent coating.First: wash with hot, soapy water. Rinse in tap water and vinegar. Next:Although my glass shop does a great job sanding the edges, for the glassnegatives, I go a step further. Using an emery brick, sold for smoothingceramic tile cuts, I try to make as round and smooth an edge as possible - thetheory being that you don抰 want to provide any sharp su**ces to cut the dried emulsion duringprocessing. If you eliminate an area where water can get in and under theemulsion, you - by default - reduce the chances of frilling.
2）准备涂布玻璃板：#纯意译# 玻璃板要求没有任何防水图层或油性图层。首先用热的肥皂水洗涤，然后用白醋漂洗，然后用自来水冲净。用金刚砂打磨玻璃板边缘，要使边缘尽可能的圆滑，这样可以防止尖利的边缘划破其他玻璃板的乳剂，这样有可能造成乳剂起皱。
After sanding: the final round of cleaning,this time with Barkeeper抯 Friend and a soft chamois cloth (the kind given out by opticians toclean eyeglasses): Use gentle, but thorough, circular rubbing motions, **sure to go over the entire su**ce of the glass. Rinse with tap water, drain,and dip in Everclear. Dry with a clean, soft dish towel. From this point on, only handle the glasswith gloved hands.
最后的清洁步骤：这次需要一块麂皮（就是不掉落纤维的高级擦镜布），轻柔的，但是彻底的像拓印那样转圈吸干整个玻璃表面的水分。然后用自来水冲洗，使水自然流干，将玻璃板浸入95%的酒精中。用干净柔软的洗碗布吸干水分，从这步以后，此玻璃板只能带橡胶手套拿取。
Backing prep: Turn the glass plate facedown and apply double back tape to the edges of the glass. Handling by theedges, wearing clean cotton gloves, turn the plate over onto a sheet of mylar.Set a metal ruler on edge up along each edge of the glass and cut with a verysharp X-acto knife. This will leave you with about a 1 mm edge around the entire plate. As you coat, excess emulsionwill set up on this little shelf and provide extra protection from frilling.After development the edge looks (and feels) like clam gills. What doesn抰 fall off by itself duringdevelopment is easily removed with fingernails during washing. The only caveatis that you have to be careful that none of the 慻ill� pieces dry on the su**ce of the negative. After the emulsiondries, shmootz can抰 be removed.
背部贴膜：把玻璃片准备涂布的面向下放置，在玻璃板的背面都沿外边对齐粘上双面胶。然后带上干净的棉手套，把玻璃板翻过来，摁在聚酯薄膜上。#以下是我的理解 # 用一把钢尺，立起来贴在玻璃板的边上，然后用锋利的裁纸刀沿着钢尺切割，这样全切完，会在玻璃板四周留下一个1毫米长的聚酯薄膜的边，也就是说钢尺至少得厚1毫米，这样做的优点是，当你涂布乳胶的时候，多余的乳剂可以附着在这个边上，这个边可以避免玻璃板四周的乳胶出现褶皱。显影之后，这个边上的多余乳剂看起来很像实际上感觉起来也很像贝壳上面的褶皱，那些没有随着显影而掉落的多余乳剂在最后水洗的时候也可以很容易的扣下来。唯一要注意的是，最后一定要保证乳剂面上没有残余的被扣下来的乳剂碎片，一旦干燥后，这将成为无法去除的污点。
The mylar backing also keeps the back ofthe plate clean. After the plates are dry, before loading or stacking,carefully remove the mylar and any tape that sticks to the glass rather thanbeing pulled away with the mylar . The emulsion band is pretty tough, but takecare to avoid breaking it off.
这个聚酯薄膜后背同样也保持着玻璃板后背的清洁。当涂布的干板彻底干燥后，在装入片盒或者码垛起来之前，我们需要仔细的把聚酯薄膜和双面胶的胶膜撕掉，要避免只撕掉聚酯薄膜的情况。双面胶的胶膜其实很坚韧，撕得时候要尽量保证整体撕掉，不要斯断。
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-16 00:49
本帖最后由 qilulord 于 2015-2-16 00:51 编辑
3) Coating: I can抰 even pretend to have masteredcoating, but I have done it enough times now and seen enough improvement eachtime to know implicitly that it is a ** matter of practice. Here抯 what I抳e been doing:
3）#纯意译# 涂布乳剂，就一句话，熟能生巧。
Level out flat-bottomed darkroom trays inthe sink. (Use a bubble level, both side-to-side and front-to-back.) Arrangeplastic lids so that the glass plates can be centered on them without touching.Preheat the plates to about 35C.Six at a time, remove the plates from their warming area and quickly centerthem on the lids. Ladle emulsion by 2 tablepoons-full (a 'coffee' scoop) ontothe center of each plate. Set aside the beaker with emulsion and ladle. One ata time, quickly and carefully pick up a plate by the edges and tip and tilt tocover, using your tightly latexed finger to move reluctant emulsion to theedges. Aim for the emulsion falling over the edges evenly around the wholeplate. If there are any air bubbles, quickly spritz with Everclear in anatomizer bottle (the little bottles that lens cleaner comes in � thoroughlycleaned before being filled with Everclear.)
在水槽里水平放置平底的暗室托盘（要用水平仪确保各个方向上绝对水平）。把玻璃板放在准备好的塑料板的中心，这样就可以不用触碰玻璃板就能拿到他们。先将玻璃板预热至35摄氏度，每次6个，把玻璃板从加热的地方拿走，并迅速放在塑料板的中间，将准备好的乳剂舀出来，放在玻璃板的中间，然后把乳剂和勺子放在一边 # 塑料勺子#。每次一块板子，快速的拿起玻璃板倾斜晃动，让乳剂自由的流动涂布整个玻璃板，必要的时候要用带着乳胶手套的手把乳剂均匀的抹开。目标是，乳剂均匀在分散在整个玻璃板上，并且四边都有乳剂均匀的落在聚酯薄膜的边上。加入乳剂有小气泡，可以用小瓶喷雾剂装的95%的酒精喷一下。#他的意思貌似是，把放着涂好乳剂的玻璃的塑料板再平放在一开始水平放置的暗室托盘上。#
If the ladle is the right size for yourplate, you shouldn抰 have much waste, but there will be some. I found that trying totilt the emulsion back into the beaker left the coating uneven. I suggesthaving a variety of sizes of measuring spoons/ ladles/ scoops handy toexperiment with the first time to determine what is the best size for yourapplication. Some of the emulsion that pours over the side will end up catchingand cooling on the mylar lip. Carefully place the coated plate back on theplastic lid and quickly move on to the next. Six at a time is what worked outfor me. You want clean gloves when you handle the glass and the ladle. Afteryou抳e picked upthe first plate to coat, clean is gone. I do six, strip off the latex gloves,place the next set of six clean plates on plastic lids, put on clean latex andrepeat the coating procedure.
# 纯意译# 最好先实验几种勺子，确定最佳的乳剂量，最好一勺刚好够用。如果哪一块弄砸了（各种意义上的），别管这一块板子，迅速转移到下一块板子接着做。一次6块板子，一次一副乳胶手套。不要妄图乳胶手套洗洗再用。我的做法是，我弄完了6块板子，然后脱掉手套，然后再排上6个准备好的玻璃板在6个新的塑料板上，戴上新手套，接着涂布。
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-2-16 00:52
第三部分结束，暂时停止一段时间，等我开学了，我准备弄点氯化金就开始复原上述工艺了。
作者: qilulord 时间: 2015-4-2 21:26
可能您还没太明白，他不是用硝酸银溶液去配的，他就是用硝酸银晶体去配银氨溶液。
所以，其实就是 5.2g硝酸银溶液在5毫升水里，然后拿氨水去配成银氨溶液。
作者: coo999 时间: 2015-5-18 20:07
我也谈谈DIY干板工艺和配方
作者: 经典二锅头 时间: 2016-6-17 23:02
作者: hainuo 时间: 2016-9-28 00:04
转载http://yepnet.info/thread-2580-1-1.html
去年翻译了一篇文章，是关于如何制作银盐感光乳剂的。用这个配方做出来的感光剂，可以用来涂抹在玻璃，胶片，纸张等材料上。感兴趣的同学可以自己尝试一下。（我把中英文都发上来，如果有翻译得不妥当的地方，希望大家指出。）
可以下载银盐感光乳剂说明PDF版本。 H- \+ y7 [" b
Instructions for ** a ** Silver-Based Photographic Emulsion Suitable for Coating on Glass or Film
制作简单的可涂抹在玻璃或胶片上的银盐感光乳剂
Ingredients: Gelatin, potassium bromide, potassium iodide, and silver nitrate.
成份：凝胶（明胶），溴化钾，碘化钾，硝酸银
Equipment: film or glass plates, metal plates, plastic stirring paddle, cheesecloth, gloves, safelight with light red filter (Kodak 1A or equivalent), 1 liter glass beaker or stainless steel bowl, 4 liter glass beaker or equivalent stainless steel bowl. A mechanical stirrer would be useful, but is not essential.
器具：透明胶片或玻璃板，金属板，塑料搅拌器，粗棉布，手套，安全灯（红色），1升的玻璃大口杯或不锈钢杯，4升的玻璃大口杯或等大的不锈钢杯，以及一个药品搅拌勺也许会派上用场。
1. Dissolve the gelatin. Dissolve 10 grams of gelatin in 360 ml warm distilled water.
1．溶解凝胶：用360ml的温蒸馏水溶解10克凝胶。
2. Dissolve the potassium bromide and potassium iodide. Add 32 grams of potassium bromide and 0.8 gram potassium iodide to the gelatin solution and stir until dissolved.
2．溶解溴化钾和碘化钾：将32克溴化钾和0.8克碘化钾放入凝胶溶液，并不断搅动直到溶解。+ S2 U- K: ]. b+ l; c
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3. Heat the solution. Heat the mixture to 130o F (55o C). The solution must be maintained at that temperature. The **st way to do this is to surround the solution with a water bath.
3．加热溶液：将上述溶液加热到55o C，并保持该温度。最简单的办法是水浴法。& N9 |7 H) _- P( u$ u' ^
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4. Lights out. Turn out normal lights and work under a light red safelight.
4．关灯：关掉普通的灯，打开安全灯。
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5. Make a solution of silver nitrate. Wear gloves when working with silver nitrate. Dissolve 40 grams of silver nitrate in 400 ml distilled water.
5．配置硝酸银溶液：此时需要戴上手套。将40克硝酸银放入400ml蒸馏水中，并溶解。" X8 l. P1 ^- Z2 @! A/ U
6. Combine the silver nitrate and gelatine solutions slowly. This is known as the precipitation stage. Add the silver nitrate solution slowly to the gelatin solution at a rate of 20 ml every 30 seconds for 10 minutes, stirring constantly. The more slowly the silver nitrate is added, the larger will be the silver halide grains produced–and the larger the grains, the faster the emulsion.
6．混合两种溶液：这是个比较仓促的阶段。把硝酸银溶液缓慢的倒入明胶中，大约以30秒20毫升的速度持续10分钟。倾倒硝酸银溶液的速度越慢，银盐的卤化物生成的越多，从而感光度也越高。$ o& Y- l. X2 t7 `! Y
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7. Ripen the mixture. Keep the solution temperature at 130o F (55o C) for a further 10 minutes, then allow to cool slowly to 104o F (40o C). The ripening process allows the size of the silver grains to grow, increasing the emulsion speed. Heat speeds the ripening. (The mixture can also be cooled until it gels and stored overnight at this point. Simply reheat to 104o F (40o C) when ready and proceed with step 8.)& l$ |! m E2 b5 f/ F" N2 {% [
7．使混合溶液熟化：使混合液的温度保持在55o C，并保持10分钟，然后使其冷却到40o C。这个过程会使银卤化物增加，并使感光度增加。加热会使熟化过程加速。（也可以让混合溶液冷却直至形成胶体，并储存一晚。在进行步骤8时，可以简单的重新加热到40o C）
8. Swell additional gelatin. Soak 40 grams of gelatin in distilled water until softened (20-30 minutes), then pour off the excess water.* b2 O% N6 E9 t( M$ F0 J+ I5 D
8．增加明胶：用蒸馏水溶解40克明胶，并使其软化20到30分钟，然后倒出多余的水。
9. Combine the solutions (emulsification). Add the softened gelatin to the silver nitrate solution and mix thoroughly. Cool the mixture and allow it to set (this usually takes 2 to 4 hours).
9．结合两种溶液：把软化的明胶（步骤8）加入硝酸银溶液（步骤7）中，持续搅拌，直至混合溶解。静置，并冷却混合液，一般需要静置2到4小时。# u5 w- l6 G& h3 `2 z, ^
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10. Strain through cheesecloth. Place the emulsion in a square of cheesecloth and fold the cloth over it. Hold the emulsion in a pan of cold water and twist the cloth so it is squeezed through the pores in the cheesecloth, ** a kind of gelatin spaghetti. This is necessary in order to remove excess silver salts.- \+ w" f9 Q9 X+ b( `, l
10．用粗棉布积压：把做好的感光剂放到一个方形的粗棉布（我想用纱布也可以吧）中，并将其折叠。把感光乳剂放入冷水中，挤压棉布，使乳剂从布中挤出，就像做意大利面条一样。这样做很有必要，作用是去除乳剂中多余的银盐。) K6 G; Q- I& J& n, V8 N
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11. Leach out the excess salts (halides). Pour off excess water and place the shredded emulsion in a large beaker or other container. Pour 3 liters of cold water (below 68o F or 20o C) onto the shredded emulsion, let it sit for 2.5 minutes, then pour off 2 liters of the water and add 2 liters of fresh water. The use of distilled water is recommended, to reduce the possibility of unknown contaminants in the emulsion.
11．去除多余的盐：倒出多余的水，不作成面条状的乳剂放入大烧杯（或较大的容器）中。倒入3升冷水（20o C），静置两分半钟，然后倒出2升水，再倒入2升干净的冷水。建议是用蒸馏水，以避免未知物质对感光剂的污染。$ ^ X+ ?% `- m" `4 H& i3 K8 X D8 }
12. Repeat. Repeat the washing process 5 times, using cold water. Pour off the excess water." ^; H$ O5 C7 d6 Q3 o$ J" W3 j' [
12．重复：用冷水重复水洗过程（步骤11）5次，然后倒出多余的水。
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13. Melt and after-ripen. Melt the emulsion by heating to 130o F (55o C) for 15 minutes, then slowly cool it to 104o F (40o C). The after-ripening doesn’t increase grain size much, but does increase speed.
13．熔化和二次熟化：把乳剂加热到55o C,并保持15分钟，然后冷却到40o C。二次熟化的过程不会使乳剂的体积有明显增加，但会提高乳剂的感光度。0 _ \5 g3 b) |5 ] K
14. Coat. For a 3? by 4? inch glass plate, use 4 ml of emulsion solution. Pour it on the glass and spread it unformly. This formula should make enough emulsion for approximately 100 such plates. l1 k! n" E6 ^$ l' m% a4 `
14．涂抹乳剂：一般一个3.5 X 4.5 英寸的玻璃板，需要使用4毫升感光乳剂。把乳剂倒在玻璃上，并均匀涂抹。这个配方足可以涂布100个这样大小的玻璃板。5 j3 k/ C; f$ L- o& @
15. Chill. Place the coated glass on a level cold metal plate until the emulsion sets, then place in the dark to dry.( Y9 q2 w2 P, n* X; a* R' m- i
15．冷却：把涂抹了乳剂的玻璃放在水平的金属板上知道乳剂凝固，然后再把这些玻璃板放到无光的地方使其干燥。& M0 D9 [) @6 y6 T* ]0 a
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16. Expose. Make your first test exposure at 1/30 second at f/8, and adjust up or down as necessary.
16．曝光：第一次曝光参数要设定在1/30秒、f/8光圈，然后根据情况再作增减。
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17. Develop. Develop in an active developer such as Kodak D-8 (2:1), HC-110 (Dilution A), or Dektol (1:1).
17．显影：显影液可以用Kodak D-8 (2:1), HC-110 (Dilution A), or Dektol (1:1)等。注：Dektol显影液就是我们熟悉的D72
作者: 久久庆典 时间: 2016-11-15 20:51
买肉的时候多割块猪皮自己做明胶
作者: qilulord 时间: 2016-11-16 08:10
刚好特别说明下，必须照相级的，食品级的不行啊~~
作者: 久久庆典 时间: 2016-11-16 17:10
现在药品级的都是废皮料熬制的你
作者: 坏相机 时间: 2016-12-3 09:58
怎么不继续了啊
作者: qilulord 时间: 2016-12-4 18:21
基本实验完了啊，效果与2号放大纸相当，对比度和感光度~~
作者: 久久庆典 时间: 2016-12-8 17:13
学习了。请发个图片欣赏下，
作者: qilulord 时间: 2016-12-8 18:20
等过年的吧，过年我再弄一波乳剂涂一涂~~
作者: 暗房归来 时间: 2017-3-10 10:01
其实也有现成的乳剂，路来的相纸乳剂也可以拍.感光度可能比二次熟成的差一点也差不了太多.
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